Zwittrionic Surfactants Flow Enhancment in Solid-Liquid Flow Systems

Transporting liquids, especially crude oils, refinery products and water through pipelines always occur in turbulent mode through strategic pipelines. Massive amounts of the pumping power are lost during the transportation due to the power dissipation caused by the turbulent structures formed in the flow media. Due to the velocity difference between the laminar sub layer and the core of the turbulent flow system, eddies are formed. The introduction of minute quantities of certain chemical additives is proven to have the ability to improve the flow inside pipelines carrying liquids in a turbulent regime. In some cases, it is necessary to increase the transported liquid flow rate in built pipelines to avoid any extra costs and time spend on building new pipelines to have the same flow improvement needed. In the present book, an experimental approach towards understanding the relation between soluble and insoluble drag reducing agents, is introduced.