Water Induced Livelihood Impact and Adaptation Strategy

Peri-urban areas of growing cities are experiencing under multiple threats. Flood and land degradation accelerate the problem in multiple folds to the people whose livelihood is based on agriculture and livestock. The study area is located at Kathmandu valley, the capital city of Nepal and along with Manohara River, one main tributary of Bagmati River. River channel shifting (meandering), sand mining, flood control measures, changing land use pattern and changing lifestyle of the people have created difficulty to the local farmers. The book is based on the study of Manohara River channel shifting pattern, land degradation, reclamation and changing pattern of agro-products as well. The study tries to compare and analysis of flood histories and patterns based on maps available and local people's memory. The study shows the characteristics of urban river with low grade and its impact to people. People changing their strategies to cope the difficult situation created by flood and channel shifting. Some of technological enhancement, conceptual ideas and extended market have help them to adapt the situation.