Underground Water Quality in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Acute shortages of portable water is heavily present in Kaduna, the thickly populated capital of Kaduna State. As a result of this, its supply of water is rationed, which leaves water taps dry, despite the intervention of the World Bank. The inhabitants of Kaduna, mostly comprising of women and children have resorted to seeking water from underground sources for drinking and daily uses. The quality of the underground water is affected by the characteristics of the medium which the water passes through. Thus, heavy metals, radioisotopes, discharges from industrial waste among others, mixes up with the underground water, which leads to a steady rise in contamination of underground water. This book determines the quality of underground water, using some water quality parameters. The analysis embedded within will assist the reader in determining the quality of the underground water. Furthermore, it will provide background information for water quality assessment, for the populace of Kaduna State, Nigeria.