THYROID DISEASES: PHYSIOLOGICAL , MOLECULAR AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES

The thyroid disease is a common disease of occurrence for different causes which include thyroid hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism . Goiter occurs in both cases and the production of hormones of the gland increases despite the decline in the concentration of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) while the production of thyroid hormones decreases in hypothyroidism despite the increase in the production of thyroid stimulating hormone.In view of the relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolism and the metabolic rate through the influence of these hormones on the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and thus energy produced from the hydrolysis of these compounds This study was conducted to investigate the different effects on different physiological ,histological biochemical and molecular criteria in patients with hyperthyroidism, and in patients with hypothyroidism for two age groups.