THE REFERENCE OF FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS OF GEOPOLITICS

Geopolitics as a branch of Social Sciences has its origins in human geography whose first authors devoted studies to the occupation of space by men and to the relations between man and space that result from it. The evolution of human geography was directed towards political geography, which focuses on the relations of power or struggles for influence in a given geographical space. From there, the analyses have been directed towards capturing the relations of rivalries between powers for the management of spaces. This is what we call Geopolitics. On this subject, several figurations characterize the seizure of the geopolitical spaces, in particular: - the concept of the vital space which took shape starting from the rise in power of the States and the conscience of the universality which gave a new dimension of the design of space where the projection of the national interest is located beyond the State borders. At this level, the main concern is the management and projection of the vital space of the State as an object of Geopolitics.