The Influence of Flapless and Flap Surgery on Peri-implant Tissues

This book demonstrates the effect of flapless versus flap surgery upon peri-implant soft and hard tissues. The implant insertion is done using a stereolithographic surgical guide to provide a precised insertion into the jaw bones to avoid misdirection complications. The changes of peri-implant soft tissue profile surrounding an implant are evaluated utilizing a variety of soft tissue parameters after a period of fifteen days, 3 months, 6 months and twelve months. In addition, crestal bone changes on the mesial and distal aspects of the implant are recorded with the aid of digital x-rays taken immediately after the surgery, fifteen days, 3 months, six months, and twelve months. The dental implant is loaded after a period of 3 months from since the time of surgery. According to our results, it is found that flapless implant surgery provides better outcomes regrading the soft tissue conditions in contrast to the flap surgery.