The Best Choices of Communication Satellites

Communication satellites are one of the most important integral parts of most major wide-area telecommunication networks throughout the world. We are concerned in our study with different types of communication satellites such as Molniya and Geostationary satellites. We study the properties of these communication satellites' orbits, and the forces acting on their orbit regions, with special emphasis of the effect of the Earth's oblateness, solar radiation pressure, and luni-solar perturbations. Also, the ground track of a satellite in these orbits and the advantages and disadvantages of each orbit were discussed. Finally, we give a numerical application showing the effect of the perturbations on Molniya and Geostationary satellites' orbital elements. Finally, We studied the effect of the space dust (Cosmic Dust and Space Debris) impacts on the satellites in different regions. We concern with the study of their origins, flux models, and the mathematical model of the dust impacts probabilities. Finally, we state the number of debris particles in the Molniya and geostationary orbits.