Thalassemia and complications

Thalassemias are (genetic) inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormal haemoglobin production. Symptoms depend on the type and can vary from none too severe. Often there is mild to severe anaemia (low red blood cells). Anaemia can result in feeling tired and pale skin. There may also be bone problems, an enlarged spleen, yellowish skin, dark urine, and among children slow growth. Treatment depends on the type and severity. Treatment for those with more severe disease often includes regular blood transfusions, iron chelation, and folic acid. Iron chelation may be done with deferoxamine or deferasirox. Occasionally, a bone marrow transplant may be an option. Complications may include iron overload from the transfusions with resulting heart or liver disease, infections, and osteoporosis. If the spleenbecomes overly enlarged, surgical removal may be required.