Technology and Future of Nanofluids

Nanofluid is promising in many applications and the performance of a nanofluid depends on the stability and dispersion of nanoparticles in the system. Ultrasonication, surfactant, and pH control are used for proper dispersion of nanofluid, where ultrasonication or some such process is essential for better dispersion and stability. However, an improper amount of these processes may have an adverse effect. This chapter introduces a general idea of the importance of nanofluid stability. A detail literature study is included on required ultrasonication duration on the dispersion of nanofluid. The effects of ultrasonication on particle microstructure, particle aggregate, polydispersity, zeta potential, absorption, and sedimentation are discussed. Some recommendations are given for the ultrasonication process. Moreover, the influence of surfactant and pH control on nanofluid stability and dispersion are also included.