Synthesis,Characterization & Evaluation Of Cationic Gemini Surfactants

The goal during the synthetic work has been to minimize the number of steps of the synthesis of the product desired. Ideally, all optimized synthetic procedures should have taken place in one-pot synthesis. Another goal has been to find cost effective procedures. Therefore, starting materials derived in bulk, such as fatty acids. fatty alcohols and epichlorohydrin etc. being reasonably cheap, have been the main starting materials. The costs have mainly originated from solvents and specific reagents. It is important to realize that there is no universal surfactant good enough for every possible application. Different surfactants are needed for different applications, that is the reason why so many different commercial surfactants are in use. The surfactants prepared and studied in the present work have different useful properties.