SURGICAL ENDODONTICS Modern Concepts & Practice

The axiom of endodontic treatment relies in proper debridement, disinfection and obturation of root canal in 3-dimensions to prevent reinfection of the tooth. However, in a small percentage, failure often poses the dilemma of re-treating in the hope of saving the tooth. Endodontic surgery is a facet of comprehensive root canal treatment, which can manage problems that cannot be eliminated by nonsurgical techniques. The desire to eliminate disease at the root end, the need to obtain a clearer understanding of the complexities of pulpal anatomy, and the use of enhanced magnification and illumination have fathered contemporary apical surgery, more accurately described as apical microsurgery. Along with better visualization with microscope, advances in technology including specially designed instruments, improved root end filling materials, and along with a more thorough understanding of the biology of wound healing, have all contributed to the contemporary concept of "Microsurgical Endodontics."