STUDIES ON PLANT DISEASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

The majority of plant illnesses are caused by organisms that are biotic, or alive. Many different organisms, including fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids, nematodes, and parasitic higher plants, are responsible for the majority of plant illnesses. Disorders that are induced by abiotic causes are not contagious in nature. There are almost an infinite number of factors that can bring about a disorder; however, the majority of disorders are brought on by a handful of factors, including extremes in temperature, moisture, light, nutrient levels, poor soil (acidity or alkalinity, salt, texture), the toxicity of pesticides, air pollution, strong winds, hail, and improper cultural practices. They are especially susceptible to damage caused by insect assaults and the competition that comes from plants that are not desirable (weeds). However, plant damage that is caused by insects, people, or other animals often does not constitute a part of the subject matter of plant pathology investigations.