Source and modus operandi of illicit financial flows and the fight against them

Every year, huge amounts of money are illegally transferred out of developing countries. Given the difficulty of estimating the amount of money involved in criminal and terrorist financing activities, experts have created a new statistical instrument called Gross Criminal Product (GCP), which represents the annual global turnover of all illicit activities. It is also difficult to estimate the turnover of what has been called the global gross criminal product. The IMF estimates the amount of this annual PCB to be between 500 and 1,500 billion dollars. The FATF estimates $1 trillion. Several economic models are used to provide estimates of the amount of illicit financial flows and capital flight, including:- The hot money model;- The World Bank residual model;- The fraudulent commercial billing model.