Smart strategies to mitigate HWC

Over the years there has been little progress to improve strategies to mitigate HWC. Mostly farmers and wildlife practitioners trial ideas and tools they devise, modify or copy in some way; ideas often emanating from commercial security outlets. These are applied and discarded severally when deemed to have failed, with little thought to combining them in a strategy to promote synergy. Animal behaviour to mitigate repellence or avoidance is largely unknown, fuelling negative community perception.Recently a new approach has been discovered, targeting the virtual mindset of animals, representing a powerful boundary influence that animals subscribe to, greater than physical interventions previously achieved. Interventions applied rather within crops or at the crop interface inside the habituated zone, where crop raiding animals ignore challenges to them, requiring placement beyond the risk interface, before animals reach this zoneThe book provides the sequel to my book Virtual Boundaries, applying it to everyday crop and livestock challenges along with traditional tools to reduce conflict for the long-term, fostering better coexistence with communities