Simulators derailed: Technology compatibility and social systems

Simulator technology for training is well received and much used in many industries, particularly the aviation industry. However, in the rail industry it is not well accepted by its primary users, train drivers, and is not used to its full potential. A theoretical framework to analyse culture, originally proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, and in particular his concepts of capital, field and habitus are used to explain the compatibility and the use of the simulator. The main finding of this study is that the rail industry is incompatible with simulator technology for training. In particular, the value and attitudes associated with training can explain much of the observed use and acceptance of simulator technology. A tool, called the Capital x Capital y (CxCy) culture map was developed to assist in describing and predicting technological compatibility. This has applications across industrial settings.