Sensors

Photonic biosensors are widely used for measuring the biological components like blood, urine, glucose, water contaminants and many more analytes. The important merit of using photonic biosensor is its sensitivity, response, reliability and stability. Many theoretical and experimental studies have recently been conducted on two-dimensional photonic crystals since it is much more difficult to make three-dimensional photonic crystals. Most two-dimensional structures are made from dielectric rods in air, or air holes in a dielectric matrix. The intersection of these rods with a perpendicular plane forms a two-dimensional lattice. Various structures were studied such as the square lattice [9], the triangular lattice [10], and the graphite structure [11].