Secured and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Techniques in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks have recently emerged as a premier research topic. They have great long term economic potential, ability to transform lives, and pose many system-building challenges. Wireless sensor networks also pose a number of new conceptual and optimization problems, such as deployment, location and tracking, are fundamental issues, in that many applications rely on them for needed information. WSN can monitor different physical values: temperature, humidity, light, pressure, noise, soil composition, object motion (detection, and tracking), objects weight, size, etc. The sensors also have the ability to transmit and forward sensing data to the base station. Most modern WSNs are bi-directional, enabling two-way communication, which could collect sensing data from sensors to the base station as well as disseminate commands from base station to end sensors. The development of WSNs was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; WSNs are widely used in industrial environments, residential environments and wildlife environments. Structure health monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and animal tracking are some of the representative