Reverse and Closed Loop Supply Chain Network

In the recent years, due to growing environmental concern there has been an increasing attention in product take-back, product recovery and the re-distribution of end-of-life (EoL) products. Product recovery includes collection, inspection/separation, disassembly, reconditioning/reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling. In real time situations, the collection of EoL products from the customer and their return to the manufacturer is tedious and time consuming. Reduced product life cycles have increased the rate of product returns and disposals. Due to shortened product economic life cycles, the recovery of value from EoL products is becoming a necessity. Companies have realized the value that they could recover by remanufacturing or recycling EoL products.