Reducing growth marks on cow hide and vein mark onGoat skin in tannery

This book Was very useful for Leather researcher ,Leather technology students and Leather tannery works. In this study, I have investigated one of the ante mortem defects and post mortem defects namely vein marks and growth mark have developed a process for upgrading leathers with this defect. This studies clearly depict the groove or indentation due to the vein marks. Up gradation using finishing often results in affecting the breathability of leathers. Hence, we have adopted a strategy of changing the post tanning recipe for up gradation of leathers with vein marks and growth marks. The optimized post tanning recipe resulted in upper leathers with visibly reduced vein marks, growth marks and strength and organoleptic properties are on par with that of control leathers. Thus, this study shows that vein marks and growth mark defect in leathers can be overcome by suitable post tanning process modifications.