Post Asbestos Mining Environment, Penge, Limpopo Province South Africa

A book on investigation of post closure asbestos mining effects on the environmental and social health following rehabilitation of the asbestos mine dumps in Penge, Limpopo Province ,South Africa. Asbestos usage started as early as the 19th century when asbestos fibres were mixed with cement to form asbestos cement. In South Africa, asbestos production started in 1893. By 1930, following several years of asbestos mining across the world, there were already strong fears that asbestos posed significant health risks. However, many countries continued to mine and use asbestos material, disregarding the health impacts, including South Africa, where amphibole asbestos was mined until 1992, whilst serpentine asbestos mines continued with operations after 1992. Mining of amosite asbestos in Penge started in 1914 and stopped in 1992. Between 1920 and 1992, Penge was the largest amosite asbestos mine in the world.