Planning and Control of Wind Turbines in Distribution Networks

In this book, deterministic and probabilistic methods are developed for optimal planning of distribution networks with integration of WTs within a market environment. With regards to the deterministic methods, hybrid optimization methods for optimal allocation of WTs from viewpoints of DG-owning DNOs and WTs¿ developers respectively for jointly minimizing annual energy losses and maximizing SW as well as maximizing NPV and SW are proposed: (i) The method jointly minimizes the annual energy losses and maximizes the SW considering different combination of wind generations and load demands to determine the optimal locations, sizes and numbers of WTs to be allocated at candidate buses. The GA is used to select the optimal locations and sizes among different sizes of WTs while the market-based OPF is used to determine the optimal number of WTs. DNO acts as the market operator of the DNO acquisition market that estimates the market clearing price and the optimization process for the active power hourly acquisition. The stochastic nature of both load and wind is modeled by hourly time series analysis. The method is also able to model the correlation among wind resources, i.e. for eac