PETROCARIBE, an alternative to traditional ODA.

This dissertation aims to develop Venezuela's South-South cooperation with Caribbean countries (Energy Cooperation Agreement (ECA), PETROCARIBE) as an alternative to traditional Official Development Assistance (ODA) resulting from North-South cooperation. To do so, it first aims to study "classic Official Development Assistance (ODA)" which is a public expenditure by developed countries for the benefit of developing countries based on a North-South partnership. By means of the constructivist approach, we note that for decades a change has been taking place in the international aid system, where the developed states are gradually losing their monopoly as the main international donors by the appearance of new donors, particularly those from the South. However, although South-South cooperation is based on non-conditionality and mutual exchange outside the principles of the Washington Consensus, a minimum of requirements on the part of the countries of the South is necessary to speak of the effectiveness of Official Development Assistance.