Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis is a destructive inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard tissues around dental implants.It causes bone loss around an osseointegrated implant in function. The etiology of the implant infection is determined by the status of tissue surrounding the implant, implant design, degree of roughness, external morphology, and excessive mechanical load.Dental plaque has been universally accepted as the primary etiologic factor.The microorganisms most commonly associated with implant failure are spirochetes and mobile forms of Gram-negative anaerobes, unless the origin is the result of simple mechanical overload. The management of implant infection should be focused on the control of infection, the detoxification of the implant surface, and regeneration of the alveolar bone. Prognosis of the affected implant will mainly depend upon early detection and treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Even though the studies dealing with different treatment modalities of peri-implantitis are not comparable, an overall picture of some clinical improvement emerges with the use of anti-infective therapies, in terms of resolution of inflammation and bone healing.