Peri-Implant Diseases

Peri-implantitis is arguably one of the most significant risk factors associated with late implant failures. Despite a projected increase in the incidence of peri-implantitis, the clinician is faced with a difficult decision-making process from beginning to end. It must be recognized that peri-implantitis is a multifactorial disease process, which may include factors such as, host immune response and susceptibility, microbiology, host modifying factors and local environment. The relevance, contribution and impact of other factors such as implant surfaces, smoking, history of chronic periodontitis and occlusal loading remains obscure and undoubtedly further long term studies are necessary for clarification.