PCR based detection of HPV and TORCH infection in women with BOH

TORCH and HPV stand for Toxoplasma Gonadii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Human papillomavirus (HPV). These infections are transmitted transplacentally from mother to fetus. They are grouped together as they evoke similar clinical and pathological manifestations such as fever, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and hemolytic anemia. They cause the malformation of the embryo by disturbing its development, resulting in fetal growth retardation. In the infant, they cause mental retardation, cataract, congenital cardiac anomalies, and bone defects. Therefore, it is necessary to detect these infections early during pregnancy and manage appropriately