Numerical Modeling of Rivers Using Turbulence Models

This book is based on Ph.D. thesis of Dr. Mohammed Elgamal presented to Mansoura University, supervised by the main supervisor Prof.Dr. Abdel Razik Zidan.In this book, a meandering reach from Damietta branch (River Nile)was selected and numerically modeled.This reach is about 6.9 km.The aim of the study was to find the vulnerable zones subjected to maximum velocities in order to assign the appropriate methodology of training structures. A 3D model called IRIC based on an Explicit Finite method was applied using K-Epsilon and Zero Equation models. A new solver code 2D LInDt (Large Input Data) was designed for the IRIC model.Two scenarios were investigated: bed load model with upwind scheme and suspended load model based on CIP (Cubic Interpolated Pseudo) method.From this study , it was found that the K-Epsilon turbulence model is more accurate than the Zero Equation turbulence model, it was noticed also that the upwind scheme model gives smaller error values than the calculated ones by CIP model. Different alternatives of spur dikes systems were modeled with different lengths to get the appropriate design for preventing the outer curves of bends from scouring process.