Non-Equity Modes as International Business Strategy

Non-Equity Modes are strongly developing forms of internationalisation of enterprises and are increasingly used in strategies of transnational corporations. In the literature, much attention is paid to particular forms of NEMs, there are no comprehensive studies in this field. Presented proposal is therefore an attempt to show NEMs as network internationalisation strategy, implementation of which allows transnational corporations to gain competitive advantage and strong position in global terms. One drew attention in it to the conditions for the development of NEMS under the ongoing nationalisation and digitisation of the economy, their place in the strategy in the context of strategic decisions made by corporations, network internationalisation strategy and management of defragmented global value chain. Presented considerations were embedded in various research trends, showing the complexity and multidimensional nature of NEMs, allowing TNCs to shift from management based on ownership to management based on control.