New Equations for Nanofluids Properties and Application to Heat Pumps

The goals of this book were to measure the thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density of different propylene glycol nanofluids; compare the results with existing equations; and develop new equations with the obtained data. Using new equations, a numerical study has been performed to study the benefits of nanofluids in cold climate ground source heat pumps. Nanofluids are dispersions of nanoparticles with average sizes of less than 100 nm in heat transfer fluids such as water, oil, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol. In cold regions, the common heat transfer fluids used are ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG). In the present research, a propylene glycol (PG) and 40% water (W) by mass fluid mixture was used as a base fluid, which has a freezing point of -51.1 0C.