Natural Mucilage and Drag Reduction in Pipelines

Liquid transportation through pipelines is one of the power consuming sectors in the oil and gas industries due to the energy losses during flow. Thus, improving the flow in pipelines has become one of the important and strategic needs in modern industrial applications. The energy losses are mainly attributed to drag. The word (drag) may be defined as the resistance force parallel to the direction of fluid flowing over a solid surface. Drag force may be expressed by two components: ¿skin friction component¿ which is equal to the stream wise component of all shearing stresses over the surface, and pressure drag component, which are equal to the stream wise component of all normal stresses. The present book introduces a new, novel and environmentally friendly drag reducing agent is introduced. The new additive is driven from an agricultural waste which is the cocoa husk.