Morphological Study of the Nile River Fourth Reach

The Nile River has experienced major morphological changes during the past decades. The changes of flow discharges (for both cases; high and low flows), suspended sediment concentration changes, human interventions and the effect of new projects have major contribution for these changes.The aim of this study was to analyze some of the morphological changes in the fourth Nile River reach located between Assiut Barrage (kilometer 544.500 D.S. the Aswan Dam) and the Delta Barrage (kilometer 954.500) that occurred during the past decades. Also to study and analyze the reach response to future expected low and high flows. Different scenarios were considered using one dimensional mathematical model; quasi 2-D; "GSTARS3" to study the effects of low flow on potable water and power plant stations located on the fourth reach and navigation problems. Other scenarios were considered to study the effects of high flows to locate the areas that will be inundated and to predict the morphological changes. The decision maker may therefore take the necessary actions concerning the existing and proposed projects located along the study reach.