Molecular and Serological Detection of Hepatitis B and C Viruses

*PCR should be introduced to screen blood donors negative by ELISA test to be sure that their blood is not infectious. *Polymerase chain reaction will be suitable to monitor viral replication in spontaneous course and treated patients. *In order to avoid unnecessary risk of HBV infection, patients who depend on recurrent transfusion should be vaccinated . *Blood donors must be tested for HBsAg before transfusion to recipient. *Haemodialysis patients positive to HBsAg, must have separate machine. *Surgical and tattooing instruments must be well sterilized before each operation. *Isolation of patients positive for HBV DNA could be beneficial for preventing the dissemination of HBV among haemodialysis patients. *HBsAg carriers should be prohibited from donating blood for transfused. *persons with antigen-positive hepatitis B should be considered infectious and control measures by taken with respect to potentially infectious material, such as blood and blood-contaminated secretions and body secretions.