Liquid Fuel and Internal Combustion Engine for High Security Society

Energy security and resilience issues are serious problems for many countries. On the other hand, carbon neutral fuel is now being developed to reduce the CO2 emission but its role for energy security is not yet discussed. Electricity is a comfortable energy carrier but its security has many vulnerability points. In this article, fuel stockpile and flexible utilization are discussed on fossil fuel, carbon neutral fuel, and electricity. Further role of internal combustion engine is re-considered as a prime mover of high resilient vehicle using flexible energy source. Finally, carbon neutral liquid fuel is proposed for a future high security society to solve the many security problems. This review article is edited to clear up the new role of liquid fuel and internal combustion engine for a high security society after 2030. It consists of following chapters: (1) Fuel and Transportation Security, (2) Security and Energy Supply, (3) Social Resilience, (4) Energy and Fuel, (5) Liquid Fuel, and (6) Synthesis Fuel. In (7) Summaries, a paradigm change concerning stockpile, supply chain and utilization of energy resources is proposed.