Limestone Waste Dust, PFA and APC Residues in Road Base Material

As a result of crushing and processing hard rock, some unwanted fines, known as 'waste quarry dust', are generated. Accumulation of wastes has adverse environmental and financial effects. Currently, industry is investigating method of utilisation of such wastes in roads. In addition to giving the wastes an economic value, the idea will reduce the demand for the use of primary aggregates and the associated environmental and financial impacts of rock extraction. Content of this book can provide a full scientific guide for investigation on the feasibility of developing sustainable utilisations of waste materials in road pavements. Application of limestone dust in road base and subbase layers in corporation with two other industrial wastes of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) and air pollution control (APC) residues have been studied as an example in this book. Successful blend of PFA and APC residues created a slow-setting cement to stabilise the dust within aggregates and develop a novel, high quality material. The book also suggests the ways of investigating the philosophy behind the performance of the waste materials using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).