Interfacial Performance of Applied Lead/Graphene NanoCarbons

¿ The Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide Papers at the interface of metal electrode/electrolyte. The reduced graphene paper (ERGO) has Superior Electronic and Dielectric Properties (~2 orders of power) and Higher Electrical Conductivities (~5 order of power greater) of 1.61 x 10^6 S/m (ERGO), one of the highest at room temperature compared to that of the GO papers at 502 S/m. ¿ High capacity utilization (57% at 0.2C), and cycle life of Lead-Acid battery positive active material enhanced using graphene oxide and other graphene nano-sheets; first to demonstrate in-situ reduction and functionalization of graphene and the in-situ dissolution-precipitation mechanisms, that increases utilization of the PbO core for gel-zone reactions within the PbO-PbO2 core-shell of the lead-acid battery. ¿ First to establish differential agglomerate size distribution of graphene oxide papers based on shear-induced fragmentation in water mixed with other solvents of varying densities. The higher density of the mixture returns higher agglomerate sizes of graphene fragments.