Implementation of an Earth Fault Protection Relay for Grounded Neutral

Fault is simply defined as a number of undesirable but unavoidable incidents can temporarily disturb the stable condition of the power system that occurs when the insulation of the system fails at any point. Moreover, if a conducting object comes in contact with a bare power conductor, a short circuit, or fault, is said to have occurred. The causes of faults are many, they include lighting, wind damage, trees falling across transmission lines, vehicles or aircraft colliding with the transmission towers or poles, birds shorting lines or vandalism. The failure of insulation results in short circuits which are very harmful as they may damage the equipment of the system. Most of the faults on transmission and distribution lines are caused by over voltages due to lightning or switching surges.