Immunosenescence: An emerging challenge for global public health

With increasing age, there is a progressive decline in the integrity of the immune system, termed Immunosenescence, which lead to increased susceptibility to infection, malignancy, and autoimmunity due to decreased response to vaccination and impaired wound healing. Global burden of disease in older people due to decreased immune function is projected to increase more or less in line with the increase in the older population, thus the societal costs of these disorders are enormous. The increasing ratio of aging population poses new challenges to healthcare systems. This paper reviews age related alteration in innate and adaptive immune system. Moreover, we discuss the clinical consequences of immunosenescence, factors affecting immunosenescence, formidable challenges to the global health at the public and scientific level, problems of development of optimally effective vaccination in the elderly. Finally, we have tried to address the potential therapies that could rejuvenate the aging immune system and help us live a longer, fuller and healthier life.