Immune Genes in a Crinoïd: Antedon bifida

The aim of this work is to confirm or infirm the presence of immune genes in an ancestral Echinodermata: Antedon bifida which belongs to the class of Crinoïds. Echinodermata are composed of 5 classes: The Asterids, the Echinids, the Ophuirids, the Crinoïds, and the Holothurids which have not the famous axial organ considered as an ancestral lymphoïd organ. Four books have already been published in Lambert editions: 3 concern the immune genes of the sea star Asterias rubens which present an IGKappa gene, A Fab gene, A Fc receptor gene, A Cr receptor gene. A fourth book concern the immune genes of Ophuirids with Ophiocomina nigra as a model of study. The present one shows the existence in Crinoïds of an IGKappa gene, a Fc receptor gene and an IFNG gene which is so found in an Invertebrate: what is highly surprising. At the end of the book a table summarizes the different immune genes discovered in Echinodermata. This work is of great novelty in the world of Evolution, in the world of Invertebrates.