History of Malacca

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 24. Chapters: Malacca Sultanate, Parameswara, Dutch¿Portuguese War, William Farquhar, Portuguese Malacca, Dutch Malacca, Hang Tuah, Rafael Perestrello, Frol de la mar, Mahmud Shah of Malacca, Tun Abdul Jamil, Capture of Malacca, Mansur Shah of Malacca, Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca, Hang Li Po, Tun Ali of Malacca, Tun Perak, Straits Settlement of Malacca, Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, Dol Said, Tun Mutahir of Malacca, Abu Syahid Shah, Laksamana Hang Nadim, Tun Perpatih Putih, Megat Iskandar Shah of Malacca, Muhammad Shah of Malacca, Thomas Otho Travers, Tin ingot, Muzaffar Shah of Malacca. Excerpt: Parameswara (1344¿1414), also called Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara, was a Malay-Hindu prince from Temasek (modern-day Singapore) who founded the Malacca Sultanate around 1402. The name Parameswara is derived from the Sanskrit word Parameshvara, a Hindu concept literally meaning the "Supreme Lord". The word "parama" meaning "the supreme" is added to Ishvara to intensify the title of God. Parameshvara is also one of the names of Lord Shiva. The name is believed to be a small part of a longer regnal title which was something common among Malay royals until present day. Apart from Parameswara the founder of Malacca, there were two other rulers from the same lineage that use Parameswara in their regnal title, they are Sang Nila Utama, the founder of ancient Singapura (titled "Sri Maharaja Sang Utama Parameswara Batara Sri Tri Buana") and Abu Syahid Shah, the fourth Sultan of Malacca (titled "Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah"). In the 14th century, Srivijaya was losing its influence and faced threats from various corners of the Maritime Southeast Asia. The Majapahit empire, centered in Java, was expanding its borders beyond Java. The Srivijayan empire had previously controlled parts of Java but it was driven out of in 1290 by the increasingly powerful Singhasari, a predecessor to Majapahit. He later attacked the Sriwijaya palace in the Malayu. As a result, Srivijaya had to move its court from Palembang, on the bank of Musi River in southern Sumatra, to Malayu (now Jambi province) on Batang Hari River bank. Although the royal court had moved to Malayu, Palembang remained an important imperial city. Some time in the later half of the 14th century, Singhasari sent its navy towards Palembang and Malayu, thus conquering the cities. This invasion ended the 1000-year old empire. According to the Malay Annals, after the sacking of Palembang, the descendants of the Srivijaya ruling house took refuge on the island of Bintan. Although the empire had been destroyed and its capital sacked