Hedging and Discourse

Frontmatter -- I. Introduction -- Hedging: A Challenge for Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis / Markkanen, Raija / Schroder, Hartmut -- II. Hedging Strategies in Academic Discourse -- Hedging Strategies in Written Academic Discourse: Strengthening the Argument by Weakening the Claim / Meyer, Paul G. -- How to Tell the Truth in The British Medical Journal: Patterns of Judgement in the 19th and 20th Centuries / Skelton, John -- Hedging in Russian Academic Writing in Sociological Texts / Namsaraev, Vasili -- III. Interactive Aspects of Hedging -- Hedges and Readers: Effects on Attitudes and Learning / Crismore, Avon / Vande Kopple, William J. -- Hedging in Language Revisers' Hands / Mauranen, Anna -- Hedging in Expert-Language Reviews / Wilss, Wolfram -- IV. Cross-cultural Aspects of Hedging -- On the Writing of Science and the Science of Writing: Hedging in Science Text and Elsewhere / Grabe, William / Kaplan, Robert B. -- Impersonalization as a Form of Hedging / Luukka, Minna-Riitta / Markkanen, Raija -- Interlanguage View on Hedging / Nikula, Tarja -- Some Observations on Hedging Phenomena and Modifying Devices as Regional Markers in the Speech of Young East Germans / Kreutz, Heinz -- V. Hedging: The Concept, its Origins and a Bibliographical Guide -- The Concept of Hedging: Origins, Approaches and Definitions / Clemen, Gudrun -- Hedging Research in Pragmatics: A Bibliographical Research Guide to Hedging / Schröder, Hartmut / Zimmer, Dagmar -- Name Index -- Subject Index -- Backmatter