Heart Attack Research Book

Cardiac markers are enzymes or proteins found in the blood. When myocardial cells are damaged or destroyed due to deficient oxygen supply or glucose the cardiac membrane becomes permeable or may rupture that result in leakage of these cardiac diagnostic enzymes and proteins. Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme is a protein that helps cells perform their normal functions found in the blood, heart, muscle and brain of healthy people. Blood levels of CK rise when your muscle or heart cells are injured. CK-MB is a form of the enzyme that is found mainly in heart muscle. While a high level of total CK can indicate damage to muscle, a high CKMB level suggests that there is disease or damage to the heart muscle specificity. CKMB levels being to rise within the first 4 to 6 hours after heart attack symptoms begin and reach their highest level about 18 to 24 hours.Troponins are proteins found in skeletal and heart muscle fibers that help muscles to contract. Cardiac tropnin tests measure levels of troponin T& I because these are found only in heart muscle. Increased LDH-1 and LDH-2 isoenzymes bands were observed in ISO induced myocardial infarcted rats.