Hard and Soft Tissue Remodelling After Endodontic Microsurgery

HARD AND SOFT TISSUE REMODELLING AFTER ENDODONTIC MICROSURGERYSurgical endodontic intervention has emerged over the past 150 years as a significant treatment modality in the retention of sound teeth. While the evolution of this treatment modality and the refinement of its principles have had a long and tumultuous history, biologically based and clinically updated directives have emerged. Furthermore, the endodontic literature has ceased to support a litany of indications for surgical applications. With magnification through the use of the surgical operating microscope, refined principles of soft and hard tissue management, use of tissue regenerative root-end filling materials and enhanced principles of wound closure and postoperative management, surgical endodontics has emerged as a highly predictable and relatively painless procedure. The impetus for the evolution of contemporary surgical endodontic principles came from a better understanding of the challenges faced in enlarging, shaping, cleaning, disinfecting and obturating the complex and unpredictable anatomy of the root canal system¿an anatomy that beguiles even the most astute and experienced clinician.