Green Synthesis of (Ca/Fe)-Layered Double Hydroxide-Sodium Alginate

Antibiotics are powerful natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic medicines that fight certain infections and stop it and can save lives when used properly. Several thousand tons of antibiotics and products of their transformation enter ecosystems every year besides the excretion from human and animal, as the antibiotics which incompletely removed and remain in the wastewater treatment plants effluent, leaching from landfills, septic systems, and sewer lines along with reuse of water for irrigation, waste from aquaculture, manure spread on agricultural fields, or via accidental spills and discharges during their manufacture, as well as the disposal of the unused or expired antibiotics that are not recycle. Therefore, removing antibiotics from wastewater stream before discharge to water body becomes an evolving task for wastewater industry around the whole world, which demands the public's attention and urgent action across different countries. One of the most significant antibiotic threats in the water system is the possible, chronic resistance to antibiotics additionally to the immediate and acute toxic effect for living organisms.