Global climate change, Carbon Economy and Forest Regeneration

Global climate changes and their impact on the environment are creating havoc on the natural environment. The changing rainfall pattern, weather disturbances, and their impact on the ecosystem are a major threat to nature's sustainability. Presently, many natural, as well as human-induced activities, are causing a deliberating impact on the biodiversity in form of the loss of primary vegetation through natural drivers like floods, drought, hurricanes, biotic stresses like pathogen and pest attacks, and several anthropogenic activities such as forest fire, grazing, land modification through agricultural activities, exploitation of trees for fuel-wood and timber purpose, illegal cutting of vegetation. Anthropogenic carbon emissions are a major driver of global climate change causing an imbalance in the carbon cycle, rainfall changes, and a shift in earth¿s energy balance toward warming and can be analyzed using carbon footprint metrics. The mitigation techniques like forest restoration and rehabilitation of wastelands have the potential to harvest carbon. The ex-situ conservation through botanic gardens, and green roofs, can play a significant role in urban temperature management.