Genetic studies on the biodiversity of local and wild Syrian wheat

Three types of molecular markers were used, RAPDs. AFLPs and SSRs to study the genetic diversity among 14 wheat accessions: Including 8 Syrian local cultivated varieties and 6 wild wheat belonging to 4 species (6 belong to T. durum + 2 belong to T. aestivum + 2 belong to T. urartu and 4 belong to T. dicoccoids). All marker systems were able to uniquely fingerprint each of the genotypes. The three molecular systems differed in the ratio of polymorphism detected; the lowest was the AFLPs technique (90.4%). while it was 92.3% in RAPDs and 100% in SSRs The genetic similarity estimated was calculated according to Dice coefficient, ranged from 55.6% to 96.3% for RAPDs, from 50.9% to 90.8% for AFLPs, while SSRs revealed genetic similarity ranged from 21.4% to 100%.Cluster analysis performed with the three systems. The information content measured was higher for RAPDs (0.41),while AFLP were characterized by a very high Marker Index (195.3) and very high Effective multiplex ratio (594).The correlation Coefficient using similarity matrices between marker systems used was significant.All three systems of markers can detect polymorphism among the wheat and are characterizing these genotypes.