Fluoride removal in community water supply using natural materials

Majority of rural drinking water supply in India depends on the hand pumps. Drinking water sources often get contaminated resulting in excess fluoride from geogenic sources. As per recent estimates millions in India are affected by fluorosis. Fluoride is a normal constituent of natural water and weathering of fluoride bearing minerals along with groundwater conditions lead to higher fluoride levels in aquifer in certain arid regions, which become endemic for fluorosis. In this scenario, Defluoridation using nano hydroxyl apatite was prepared by using various methods and approaches using the combination of various natural materials for fluoride removal. The nano material application of fluoride removal from the groundwater and its utility in the filed level.Various survey techniques were adopted for this study along with detailed discussion on the community level for erection of Fluoride removal tank (FRT) using locally available natural materials. The details of community level FRT with mechanism of fluoride removal are expressed. The materials used has been attempted to make as hollow brick resistance to leaching. This also includes cost evaluation of the treated water.