Eurasian shamanism

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 39. Chapters: Altaic deities, European shamanism, Siberian deities, Turkic mythology, Yakut mythology, Shamanism in Siberia, Völva, Göbekli Tepe, Book of Dede Korkut, Zilant, Shamanistic remnants in Hungarian folklore, Seiðr, Tengri, Alpamysh, Huma bird, Oghuz Khan, Mankurt, Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples, Noaidi, Tale of the Nisan Shaman, Tengriism, Tepegoz, Azerbaijani folklore, Asena, Marla faith, Ötüken, Bai-Ulgan, Umay, Erlik, Chuvash dragon, Yekyua, Pitsen, Süräle, Alp Er Tunga, Abaasy, Etiäinen, Tadibya, Ajysyt, Ay Dede, Gonagas, K'daai, Num-Torum, Quikinna'qu, Yilbegän, Lake Milk, Tulpar, Ay Tanri, Yer-sub, Tomam, Koyash, Alip, Zonget, Ulugh Kun, Yer Tanri, Umai, Yuxa, Etugen, Xargi, Aspandiat, Anapel, Ukulan-tojon, Mayin, Khaltesh-Anki, Sekä, Pugu, Ak Ana, Ku'urkil, Nu'tenut, Toko'yoto, Äbädä, Oshlaq-ay, Xaya Iccita, Aysyt, Kuara, Kini'je, Chesma, Arsan Duolai, Yina'mna'ut and Yina'mtilan, Hinkon, Bugady Musun, Baj Bajania, Ai Toyon, Tung-ak, Eskeri, Todote, Altan Telgey, Esege. Excerpt: Northern Asia, particularly Siberia is regarded as the locus classicus of shamanism. It is inhabited by a variety of ethnic groups, many of whom observe shamanistic practices even in modern times. Many classical ethnographic sources of ¿shamanism¿ were recorded among Siberian peoples. These cultures are far from being alike. The same applies for their shamanistic beliefs and practice. 'shaman' : saman (Nedigal, Nanay, Ulcha, Orok), sama (Manchu) ¿ these have been compared with Sansk¿t saman 'chant'. The variant /¿aman/ (i.e., pronounced "shaman") is Evenk (whence it was borrowed into Russian) : this Evenk pronunciation may have had its origin in ¿aman 'name of Saman (in Läyayana Srauta Sutra)'" 'shaman' : alman, olman, wolmen (Yukagir) 'shaman' : (Tatar, Shor, Oyrat), (Tuva, Tofalar) ¿ these are related to Japanese kami 'god' and to Nanay qömio 'helping spirit' 'shamaness' : itako (Japanese), (Mongol), (Yakut), udagan (Buryat), udugan (Evenki, Lamut), odogan (Nedigal) Siberian shamans' spirit-journeys (re-acting their dreams wherein they had rescued the soul of the client) were conducted in, e.g., Oroch, Altai, and Nganasan healing séances. As mentioned above, shamanistic practice shows great diversity, even if restricted to Siberia. In some cultures, the music or song related to shamanistic practice may intend to mimic natural sounds, sometimes with onomatopoiea. This holds e. g. for shamanism among Sami groups. Although the Sami groups live outside of Siberia, many of their shamanistic beliefs and practice shared important features with those of some Siberian cultures. The Yoiks of the Sami were sung on shamanistic rites. Recently, yoiks are sung in two different styles, one of these are sung only by young people. But the traditional one may be the other, the ¿mumbling¿ style, resembling to magic spells. Several surprising characteristics of yoiks can be explained by comparing the music ideals, as observed in yoiks and contrasted to music ideals of other cultures