Educational Organization and Management

Organization is defined as ¿an assemblage of resources particularly human ones, that are arranged and sequenced through technology to achieve an intended output¿ (Atchison and Hill, 1978:22). Brown and Moberg (1980:5) identify the basic features of organizations. Accordingly organizations:¿ are relatively permanent social entities- this characteristic enables organizations to continue their existence and operations even while changing managers¿ are goal oriented-organizations are created for the accomplishment of a given purpose and much of the behavior within and between organizations reflects their behavior.¿ usually require highly specialized skills-attaining organizational goals requires the employment of highly specialized skills, and this is particularly true with large, high technology organizations and those with a great diversity.¿ have structures-this is another basic characteristic of organizations. All organizations have a set of prescribed and regularized ways of bringing together their various work activities. This is necessary if the organization is to attain its goals. Structure is of great usefulness not only in specifying the relationships of work activities but also in defining authority relationships. The hierarchy is a source of concern for many organizational members.