Diversity and ecological role of butterflies in Central Ethiopia

Without biodiversity, particularly pollinators like butterflies, life on earth would be difficult. Based on recent estimates, biodiversity accounts for between 319 billion and 33,000 billion USD per year in value. Biodiversity encompasses all of the species, food chains, and biological patterns in an environmental system. Butterflies have been identified as biotic indicators for an ecosystem's species richness monitoring system. It is best to use indicator species of the natural forest to monitor and assess the impact of disturbance as well as other human activity on the natural forest. However, the uses of indicator species in assessing the forest status need to be based on the individual abundance of indicator species in particular times and scales. The individual abundance of different species was different throughout the year because butterflies fluctuate strongly over time. For instance, Vanessa abyssinica (Felder and Felder) flies from December to July while Charaxes Phoebus (Felder and Felder) flies from September to April.