Distributed leadership and student learning in the context of Pakistan

While distributed leadership in education is the focus of many studies in developed countries, very little has been discussed about the concept and application of the approach in developing countries like Pakistan, with varying educational and socio-cultural contexts. This book presents an analysis of the distributed leadership situation in low-fee schools of Pakistan through discussion of a multi-site ethnographic case study involving public and private schools. An analysis of the nature of and cultural influences on distributed leadership practices for instructional improvement and student learning is followed by discussion of a distributed leadership design for instructional improvement developed through a Design Based Research intervention in one of the schools. Distribution of leadership roles and tasks existed in all the schools to keep instruction and student learning within prescribed formats. Leadership and instructional practices with a normative reference to instructional improvement and learning were deficient.A contextually relevant model was developed and fine-tuned in three iterative cycles and design principles were extracted.