Discovery of Antarctica and the Northern Route in the Pacific

Exploring in the harsh natural conditions of the Arctic regions of America and sailing thousands of kilometers in the foggy and stormy seas of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, or the ice-filled waters of the Arctic Ocean, the expedition members had, on today's scale, only the most basic technical means: small sailing ships, imperfect astronomical instruments and such means of communication.Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole (December 14, 1911). Although the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott, the first before him planned to reach the South Pole.After conquering the Northwest Passage (1903-1906), Amundsen's goal was to conquer the North Pole. The explorer's plan was to reach the North Pole in a ship frozen in ice.However, Amundsen's plans were ruined when in April 1909 he received the news that the American Robert Peary had already reached the North Pole.